呼吸功能训练

Respiratory Function Training

呼吸功能训练方法如下：

Relevant methods are listed as follows:

缩唇呼吸：指导照护对象闭口经鼻吸气，然后缩后(吹口哨祥)缓慢呼气。吸气与呼气时间之比为1：2或1：3。控制好呼吸节律，吸气时默数1、2或1、2、3，呼气时默数1、2、3、4或1、2、3、4、5、6。每次呼气时间持续4-6秒。

Lip contraction breathing: instruct the recipient of care to inhale through their nose and then pucker their lips (as if whistling) and exhale slowly. The ratio of inhalation to exhalation time is 1: 2 or 1: 3. Control the breathing rhythm, and count 1, 2 or 1, 2, 3 when inhaling, and 1, 2, 3, 4 or 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 when exhaling. Each exhalation lasts 4-6 seconds.

腹式呼吸：吸气时胸部不动，腹部鼓起，呼气时内收腹部。练习时，照护对象取立位、平卧位或半卧位，放松颈部、肩膀及两臂，（若取半卧位，膝下放一软枕）使腹肌放松。一手放于前胸部，一手放于上腹部，用最大力气，用鼻缓慢吸气，胸部不动，腹部凸出，吸气后屏住呼吸1-2秒，使肺泡最大限度充盈，达到肺扩张。呼气时经口缓慢呼出，腹部内陷，尽量将气体呼出，用手能感到腹部下凹。可以用手轻压腹部，以增加腹压，推动膈肌上台。吸气要深长而缓慢，尽量用鼻而不用口。腹式呼吸需要增加能量消耗，因此只能在疾病恢复期或出院前进行训练。每天练习10-15分钟，每日锻炼2-3次。

Abdominal breathing: keep the chest still and heave up the abdomen when inhaling; adduct the abdomen when exhaling. The care recipient takes an erect, supine or semi-supine position during the practice, and relaxes the neck, shoulders and arms (put a soft pillow under the knee in a semi-supine position) to relax the abdominal muscles. Place one hand on the chest and the other on the upper abdomen; inhale slowly through the nose with maximum strength; keep the chest still and protrude the abdomen; hold the breath for 1-2 seconds after inhaling to fill the alveoli completely and expand the lungs to their fullest capacity. Slowly exhale through the mouth and contract the abdomen; make an effort to release all the air from the lungs, and feel the contraction of the abdomen with the hand. Gently press the abdomen with the hand to increase the abdominal pressure and push the diaphragm upwards. Inhale deeply and slowly through the nose instead of the mouth. Abdominal breathing increases energy consumption, so it can only be done during the recovery period or before hospital discharge. Practice it 10-15 minutes and 2-3 times a day.

深呼吸：照护对象处于坐位或半坐位，双手放于第5、6肋间隙，吸气时感觉腹、胸部扩张，闭嘴用鼻尽最大力吸气。吸气后屏气1-2秒，默数1、2，然后通过鼻子缓慢呼气。呼气时先收缩胸部，再收缩腹部，尽量排出肺内气体。持续训练3-5分钟。

Deep breathing: the care recipient takes a sitting or semi-sitting position, with their hands in the 5th and 6th intercostal spaces; feel the abdomen and chest dilation when inhaling; close the mouth and inhale as deeply as possible through the nose. Hold the breath for 1-2 seconds after inhaling, count 1, 2 silently, and then exhale slowly through the nose. Contract the chest and then the abdomen during exhaling to fully empty the lungs. Practice this continuously for 3-5 minutes.